Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a non-destructive analytical technique that measures the interactions of near-infrared light with a sample. It is commonly used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical compounds in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. NIR spectroscopy works by shining light in the near-infrared range (wavelengths of 700 to 2500 nm) onto a sample and measuring the absorbance or reflectance of the light. This information can then be used to determine the concentration of certain compounds in the sample. One of the main advantages of NIR spectroscopy is its speed and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional analytical techniques. It can provide real-time results and requires minimal sample preparation. NIR spectroscopy is also versatile and can be used for analyzing a wide range of samples, including solids, liquids, and gases. Overall, NIR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for rapid and accurate analysis in various industries, making it a valuable research area for scientists and researchers looking to improve efficiency and quality control processes.